HOUSING SYSTEMS BIOSECURITY HOUSING & BROODING EARLY MANAGEMENT LIGHTING NUTRITION HEALTH HATCHING EGG MANAGEMENT 41 41 LOHMANN › MANAGEMENT GUIDE ONSET OF LAY Mating Ratio Maintain an appropriate male-to-female ratio to ensure successful mating and fertility. The recommended ratio varies depending on the housing and management system but generally ranges from 8–10% on transfer, reducing to 6-7% during production. Some modern cage free facilities use a new strategy of gradual implementation of males from a separate housing pen within the house. Starting with fewer males initially (4–5%) and gradually increasing (6–7%) as the flock ages. This improves mating behavior, feather cover, and overall fertility. Physical Condition Select males with good muscle tone, body condition, and physical characteristics. Active and reproductive males should have large, wet, and red cloacas and vents. PRODUCTION PERIOD Regular Monitoring Continuously monitor the physical condition, body weight, uniformity, and behaviour of males. The body weight of males during production should not exceed 40% relative to that of females. Remove non-productive or unhealthy males to maintain optimal fertility and flock health. Behavioural Observations Observe the flock’s behaviour to ensure males are evenly distributed and actively mating. Address any issues with aggression or over-mating promptly. STAGE 3: 20–30 WEEKS STAGE 4: > 30 WEEKS 20 30 NSET DEVELOPMENT al Maturity tor the development of the reproductive organs and ensure males reach sexual maturity e same time as females. This synchronization is crucial for successful mating and fertility. viour Management ge aggressive behaviour by separating overly aggressive males and gradually reintroduchem to the flock. This helps prevent stress and injury to females.
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