68 68 Digestive system of Laying Hens Gut Health in Pullets & Laying Hens Feed Presentation THE FIRST 5 WEEKS: THE BASIS FEED Feeding programs, which include both nutrient levels and the microstructure and presentation of the feed, must be flexible to adapt to raw materials’ quality, the environmental conditions, health status, and management (e.g., beak treatment, housing conditions, etc.). A homogeneous mash feed is highly recommended. The use of crumbled or micropelleted feed can potentially improve consumption and, in turn, growth and uniformity of the pullets. Finely ground raw materials that are then crumbled may compromise physiology as they do not stimulate the gizzard’s main function (grinding) and antiperistalsis. A coarser grinding and then crumb would be a compromise solution, however. Crumbled feed Micropelleted feed PROTEIN Proteins are essential for muscle growth and tissue repair in pullets. Once energy needs are met, the protein level of the diet will be the main driver of development and growth, including skeletal development. During the first weeks, a starter feed including 19– 21 % crude protein content is recommended. Choose high-quality and digestible protein sources. Include in the diet any additive/supplement that may support digestibility. The balance between the amino acids that make up proteins is crucial. An imbalance can limit protein synthesis, affect behaviour, and reduce growth. Supplementing with synthetic amino acids can help achieve optimal levels and reduce diet costs. It’s also advisable the inclusion of moderate levels of insoluble fibre to support gut development and intake. LOHMANN › MANAGEMENT GUIDE › NUTRITION › PREPARATION PERIOD
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