HOUSING SYSTEMS BIOSECURITY HOUSING & BROODING EARLY MANAGEMENT LIGHTING NUTRITION HEALTH HATCHING EGG MANAGEMENT 73 73 LOHMANN › MANAGEMENT GUIDE VITAMIN C VITAMINS & MINERALS In addition to proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, and water, small amounts of organic compounds known as vitamins are required. Recommendations specify appropriate levels of these vitamins and minerals based on the feeding phase. In many countries, the inclusion levels of these are regulated by legislation. ZINC VITAMIN E VITAMIN A VITAMIN K VITAMIN B BENEFITS MANGANESE SELENIUM COPPER MINERALS ARE VITAL FOR . . . . . . various physiological functions, including enzyme activation and immune response . . . the formation of eggshells, skeletal development, and overall reproductive success . . . fertility, hatchability, and embryo viability VITAMINS ARE VITAL FOR . . . . . . skeletal development, eggshell quality, immunity, and hatchability . . . efficiency and healthy production MINERALS Depending on their concentration in animal tissues, minerals are classified as macro-minerals (Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Potassium, Chlorine, and Sulphur) or micro-minerals (Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Iodine, Selenium, etc.). A balanced intake of both macro and micro-minerals is essential for the optimal reproductive performance and health of breeders.
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