76 76 RECOMMENDED INCLUSION LEVELS OF VITAMINS & MINERALS during the preparation period (0–30 weeks of age) Supplements per kg of feed Starter, Grower & Developer Pre-lay, End of Preparation Period & Lay Vitamin / Mineral Units Recommended Heat Stress Recommended Heat Stress Vitamin A1 I.U. 10.000 ≥12.000 12.000 14.000 Vitamin D3 (total)1,2 I.U. 3.000 ≥ 3.500 3.000 ≥ 4.000 Vitamin E mg 40 ≥ 75 100 120 Vitamin K3 3,6 mg 3.0 ≥ 3.5 4.0 5.0 Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) mg 2.5 ≥ 2.0 3.0 4.0 Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) mg 6.0 ≥ 10 12 13 Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) mg 3.5 ≥ 4.5 5.5 ≥ 6 Vitamin B12 mcg 20 ≥ 25 30 35 Pantothenic Acid mg 10 ≥ 10 10 18 Nicotinic Acid mg 50 ≥ 50 50 55 Folic Acid mg 1.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 Biotin mcg 50 ≥ 100 50 300 Cholin4 mg 300 200 400 200 Betain5 mg – ≥ 200 – ≥ 400 Vitamin C mg – ≥ 75 – 150 Antioxydant6 mg 150 ≥ 150 300 ≥ 300 Manganese7 mg 100 100 80 80 Zinc7 mg 80 100 70 70 Iron7 mg 40 ≥ 50 65 70 Copper7 mg 10 15 10 10 Iodine mg 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 Selenium7 mg 0.25 ≥ 0.35 0.3 ≥ 0.35 1 According to local regulations levels may be limited. 2 Total = D3 + D3 supplied as 25-hydroxy D3. This may be subject to supplier’s recommendation and local regulations. 3 Double in case of heat-treated feed. 4 Due to choline chloride aggressiveness, if possible, better added directly to feed. 5 Betain act as antioxidant and reduces oxidative stress therefore supporting heat stress situations. 6 Increase the dosage in case of heat stress and according to fat /oil addition. 7 The inclusion of the so called ”organic trace minerals“ should be considered as they reduce mineral negative interactions therefore resulting in a bioavailability. PREMIX COMPOSITION DURING THE PREPARATION PERIOD It is recommended to utilise vitamin-mineral premixes with an inclusion rate of at least 2 kg per ton of feed; an optimal level would be 5 kg per ton. LOHMANN › MANAGEMENT GUIDE › NUTRITION › VITAMINS & MINERALS
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy NTg2OTc2