{"id":23052,"date":"2020-07-21T07:58:40","date_gmt":"2020-07-21T05:58:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/avian-influenza\/"},"modified":"2025-02-06T15:54:57","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T14:54:57","slug":"influenza-aviar-es","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/es\/influenza-aviar-es\/","title":{"rendered":"Influenza Aviar"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"padded\">\r\n<!--<div class=\"col-1-3 mob-1-4\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"imgcenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/veterinaria.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"40%\" \/><\/div>-->\r\n<div class=\"col-2-3\">Desde hace varios a\u00f1os, la Influenza Aviar (IA) ha sido una gran preocupaci\u00f3n para muchos pa\u00edses del mundo, principalmente debido a su efecto desastroso en la industria av\u00edcola, pero tambi\u00e9n por su potencial para causar infecciones en los seres humanos (ciertas cepas). <br \/>\r\nEst\u00e1 producida por un Influenzavirus perteneciente a la familia Orthomyxoviridae. Se tratan de virus de ARN de tama\u00f1o peque\u00f1o-mediano, envueltos y de una sola hebra, que tienen dos prote\u00ednas de superficie principales, la Hemaglutinina (H1-H16) y la Neuraminidasa (N1-N9), con 144 combinaciones potenciales. La H y la N dan a estos virus sus nombres, como H5N1, H5N8 o H7N7.<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><strong>La gran variedad de virus de IA se debe a su potencial para mutar (deriva antig\u00e9nica) o para intercambiar informaci\u00f3n gen\u00f3mica si una c\u00e9lula hospedera est\u00e1 infectada por dos virus diferentes (cambio antig\u00e9nico).<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<!--<div class=\"row mt5 mb5\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"imgcenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/separation.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"16%\" \/><\/div>-->\r\n<div class=\"row\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"imgcenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/tb\/influenza\/es\/virusinfluenza.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"80%\" data-aos=\"zoom-in\" \/><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"row mt5\">\r\n<div class=\"autogrid padded\">\r\n<div class=\"col\">Las infecciones de IA son de notificaci\u00f3n obligatoria a la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE) cuando son originadas por cualquier virus de Influenza A de los subtipos H5 o H7. Los virus de Influenza Aviar Altamente Pat\u00f3geno (IAAP) de notificaci\u00f3n obligatoria son (hasta ahora) los virus H5 y H7 que tienen un \u00edndice de patogenicidad intravenosa (IVPI) en pollos de 6 semanas de edad superior a 1,2 o tienen m\u00faltiples amino\u00e1cidos b\u00e1sicos en el sitio de uni\u00f3n de la mol\u00e9cula de hemaglutinina (HA0).<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"col\">\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p>Las infecciones de Influenza Altamente Pat\u00f3gena pueden causar hasta un 100% de mortalidad a los pocos d\u00edas de la infecci\u00f3n. <br \/>\r\nLos signos cl\u00ednicos m\u00e1s predominantes son: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"imgcenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/tb\/influenza\/es\/info1-ok.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"80%\" \/><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"padded\">\r\n<div class=\"col-1-4\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/tb\/influenza\/es\/test.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"80%\" data-aos=\"fade-up-left\" \/><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"col-3-4 mb5 mt5\">El diagn\u00f3stico de la Influenza Aviar se puede hacer mediante serolog\u00eda, pero \u00e9sta s\u00f3lo sirve para monitorizar las infecciones de Influenza Aviar de Baja Patogenicidad (IABP). Las sospechas de Influenza Aviar Altamente Pat\u00f3gena deben ser investigadas inmediatamente mediante PCR.<br \/>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p>Hoy en d\u00eda, la PCR en tiempo real es una de las herramientas m\u00e1s importantes en la lucha contra la Influenza Aviar, ya que permite el diagn\u00f3stico en pocas horas con una confirmaci\u00f3n posterior por parte de los laboratorios de referencia en un plazo de 24 a 48 horas .<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"row mt5 mb5\">\r\n<div class=\"piefigura\">Tabla. Ant\u00edgenos superficiales de Influenza tipo A<\/div>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/tb\/influenza\/es\/tabla1-es.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\" \/><br \/>\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/tb\/influenza\/es\/tabla2-es.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\" \/><br \/>\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/tb\/influenza\/es\/influenza-img-es.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"70%\" data-aos=\"zoom-in\" \/><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"autogrid padded\">\r\n<div class=\"col\">Los reservorios naturales de los Influenzavirus tipo A incluyen las aves acu\u00e1ticas salvajes, la mayor\u00eda de las cuales est\u00e1n representadas por dos \u00f3rdenes:<br \/>\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/tb\/influenza\/es\/birds.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\" data-aos=\"zoom-in\" \/>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p>, como vectores directos e indirectos, el contrabando de aves (por ejemplo, los gallos de pelea) o los mercados de aves vivas.<br \/>\r\nLos humanos son, aparte de la introducci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de las aves migratorias, sin duda, la fuente de transmisi\u00f3n m\u00e1s importante.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n<!--<div class=\"row mt5 mb5\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"imgcenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/separation.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"16%\" \/><\/div>-->\r\n<div class=\"row mt5\">\r\n<div class=\"mychart\" data-aos=\"fade-down-right\">\r\n<div class=\"autogrid padded\">\r\n<div class=\"col\">El control de la Influenza Aviar Altamente Pat\u00f3gena requiere la colaboraci\u00f3n de todas las instituciones involucradas, especialmente la industria av\u00edcola y las autoridades gubernamentales. Es necesario notificar los casos sospechosos lo antes posible para evitar que el virus se siga propagando. <\/div>\r\n<div class=\"col\">Adem\u00e1s de las recomendaciones del C\u00f3digo Sanitario para los Animales Terrestres de la OIE, existe una legislaci\u00f3n nacional e internacional, como en Europa la \u201cDirectiva 2005\/94\/CE del Consejo relativa a medidas comunitarias de lucha contra la influenza aviar\u201d.<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"row mt5 narrow\">\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p>El control IAN (Influenza Aviar Notificable) incluye, para muchos pa\u00edses, la erradicaci\u00f3n del virus mediante el sacrificio de las poblaciones infectadas. Esta sigue siendo la forma m\u00e1s eficaz de controlar la enfermedad, pero requiere una red de instituciones de diagn\u00f3stico (que deber\u00eda incluir laboratorios privados), la predisposici\u00f3n para aplicar los m\u00e9todos de sacrificio sanitario y la eliminaci\u00f3n segura de los cad\u00e1veres.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"row mt5 mb5\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"imgcenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/tb\/influenza\/es\/pcr-ok.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\" data-aos=\"zoom-in\" \/><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"row mt5\">\r\n<div class=\"mychart\" data-aos=\"fade-down-right\">\r\n<div class=\"autogrid padded\">\r\n<div class=\"col\"><strong>Hay discusiones activas sobre el uso de las vacunas. Hasta ahora, se han desarrollado vacunas inactivas, algunas usando el principio DIVA (Distinci\u00f3n entre animales infectados y vacunados). Tambi\u00e9n se est\u00e1n desarrollando otros tipos de vacunas, como las vacunas vectoriales.<\/strong><br \/>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><strong>Sin embargo, hasta hoy, ninguna de estas vacunas garantiza una inmunidad \u201cest\u00e9ril\u201d en el campo. En otras palabras, capaz de evitar cualquier multiplicaci\u00f3n y mayor propagaci\u00f3n del virus.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"row mt5 mb5\">\r\n<div class=\"piefigura\">PCR en tiempo real con QuantStudio 5 Cycler<\/div>\r\n\n<div class='wp-block-html5-player-video html5_video_players' class=\"wp-block-html5-player-video\" data-nonce=\"a9020ff277\" data-attributes=\"{&quot;provider&quot;:&quot;self-hosted&quot;,&quot;imported&quot;:false,&quot;clientId&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;uniqueId&quot;:&quot;h5vp1&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/lohmann-breeders.com\\\/media\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/PCRDemoAtVetLab.mp4&quot;,&quot;poster&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;controls&quot;:[&quot;play-large&quot;,&quot;play&quot;,&quot;progress&quot;,&quot;current-time&quot;,&quot;mute&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;,&quot;settings&quot;,&quot;pip&quot;,&quot;download&quot;,&quot;fullscreen&quot;],&quot;settings&quot;:[&quot;captions&quot;,&quot;quality&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;],&quot;loadSprite&quot;:true,&quot;autoplay&quot;:true,&quot;playsinline&quot;:true,&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;volume&quot;:1,&quot;muted&quot;:true,&quot;hideControls&quot;:true,&quot;resetOnEnd&quot;:false,&quot;tooltips&quot;:{&quot;controls&quot;:true,&quot;seek&quot;:true},&quot;captions&quot;:{&quot;active&quot;:false,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;update&quot;:true},&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;16:9&quot;,&quot;storage&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:true,&quot;key&quot;:&quot;plyr&quot;},&quot;speed&quot;:{&quot;options&quot;:[&quot;0.5&quot;,&quot; 0.75&quot;,&quot; 1&quot;,&quot; 1.25&quot;,&quot; 1.5&quot;,&quot; 1.75&quot;,&quot; 2&quot;,&quot; 4&quot;]},&quot;loop&quot;:{&quot;active&quot;:true},&quot;ads&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:true,&quot;tagUrl&quot;:null},&quot;urls&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;download&quot;:null},&quot;markers&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;points&quot;:[]},&quot;preload&quot;:&quot;none&quot;},&quot;features&quot;:{&quot;popup&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;selector&quot;:null,&quot;hasBtn&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;poster&quot;,&quot;btnText&quot;:&quot;Watch Video&quot;,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;btnStyle&quot;:{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#006BA1&quot;,&quot;fontSize&quot;:&quot;16px&quot;,&quot;padding&quot;:{&quot;top&quot;:&quot;10px&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;10px&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;}}},&quot;overlay&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;items&quot;:[{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#ffffff&quot;,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;fontSize&quot;:&quot;16px&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;logo&quot;:null,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;top_right&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;logo&quot;,&quot;opacity&quot;:0.6999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875}]},&quot;endScreen&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;End Screen Text&quot;,&quot;btnText&quot;:&quot;Visit&quot;,&quot;btnLink&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;btnStyle&quot;:[]},&quot;thumbInPause&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;default&quot;},&quot;watermark&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;email&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#f00&quot;},&quot;passwordProtected&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;errorMessage&quot;:&quot;Password didn&#039;t matched&quot;,&quot;heading&quot;:&quot;Please Entire the password to access the video&quot;,&quot;key&quot;:&quot;propagans_3284&quot;,&quot;button&quot;:{&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Access&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#222&quot;,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#ffffffe3&quot;},&quot;password&quot;:null},&quot;sticky&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;top_right&quot;},&quot;playWhenVisible&quot;:false,&quot;disablePause&quot;:false,&quot;hideYoutubeUI&quot;:false,&quot;startTime&quot;:0,&quot;hideLoadingPlaceholder&quot;:false},&quot;seo&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;:0},&quot;qualities&quot;:null,&quot;thumbInPause&quot;:false,&quot;hideYoutubeUI&quot;:false,&quot;additionalCSS&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;additionalID&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;autoplayWhenVisible&quot;:false,&quot;styles&quot;:{&quot;plyr_wrapper&quot;:{&quot;width&quot;:&quot;100%&quot;,&quot;borderRadius&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;overflow&quot;:&quot;hidden&quot;},&quot;.plyr&quot;:{&quot;--plyr-color-main&quot;:&quot;#00b2ff&quot;}},&quot;CSS&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isCDURL&quot;:false,&quot;CDURL&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;posterTime&quot;:20,&quot;brandColor&quot;:&quot;#00B3FF&quot;,&quot;radius&quot;:{&quot;number&quot;:0,&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;},&quot;protected&quot;:false,&quot;password&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;protectedText&quot;:&quot;Please enter password to wath the video&quot;,&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;startTime&quot;:0,&quot;preload&quot;:&quot;metadata&quot;,&quot;streaming&quot;:false,&quot;streamingType&quot;:&quot;hls&quot;,&quot;captionEnabled&quot;:false,&quot;vastTag&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;saveState&quot;:true,&quot;quality&quot;:[],&quot;subtitle&quot;:[{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;English\\\/en&quot;,&quot;caption_file&quot;:&quot;&quot;}],&quot;chapters&quot;:[],&quot;controls&quot;:{&quot;play-large&quot;:true,&quot;restart&quot;:false,&quot;rewind&quot;:false,&quot;play&quot;:true,&quot;fast-forward&quot;:false,&quot;progress&quot;:true,&quot;current-time&quot;:true,&quot;duration&quot;:false,&quot;mute&quot;:true,&quot;volume&quot;:true,&quot;pip&quot;:false,&quot;airplay&quot;:false,&quot;settings&quot;:true,&quot;downlaod&quot;:false,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:true},&quot;width&quot;:{&quot;deprecated&quot;:true,&quot;number&quot;:100,&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;},&quot;repeat&quot;:false,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;sticky&quot;:false,&quot;stickyPosition&quot;:&quot;top-right&quot;,&quot;popup&quot;:false,&quot;popupType&quot;:&quot;poster&quot;,&quot;playsinline&quot;:false,&quot;popupBtnStyle&quot;:{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#006BA1&quot;,&quot;fontSize&quot;:&quot;16px&quot;,&quot;padding&quot;:{&quot;top&quot;:&quot;10px&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;10px&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;},&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;},&quot;popupBtnText&quot;:&quot;Watch Video&quot;,&quot;disablePause&quot;:false,&quot;thumbStyle&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;resetOnEnd&quot;:false,&quot;autoHideControl&quot;:true,&quot;overlay&quot;:false,&quot;overlayPosition&quot;:&quot;top_right&quot;,&quot;overlayBackground&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;overlayOpacity&quot;:0.8000000000000000444089209850062616169452667236328125,&quot;overlayTextColor&quot;:&quot;#ffffff&quot;,&quot;overlayFontSize&quot;:{&quot;number&quot;:20,&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;},&quot;overlayTextHoverColor&quot;:&quot;#ffffff&quot;,&quot;endScreen&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Simple Text&quot;,&quot;btnText&quot;:&quot;Watch Again&quot;,&quot;btnLink&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;btnStyle&quot;:[]},&quot;endscreen&quot;:false,&quot;endscreenText&quot;:&quot;Endscreen text&quot;,&quot;endscreenTextLink&quot;:&quot;#&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:true,&quot;2&quot;:true,&quot;3&quot;:true,&quot;0.5&quot;:true,&quot;0.75&quot;:true,&quot;1.25&quot;:true,&quot;1.5&quot;:true,&quot;1.75&quot;:true,&quot;2.5&quot;:true}}\">\n    <div class=\"preload_poster\" style=\"overflow:hidden;aspect-ratio:16:9;\">\n        <svg width=\"36px\" height=\"36px\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 15\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n            <path d=\"M4.79062 2.09314C4.63821 1.98427 4.43774 1.96972 4.27121 2.05542C4.10467 2.14112 4 2.31271 4 2.5V12.5C4 12.6873 4.10467 12.8589 4.27121 12.9446C4.43774 13.0303 4.63821 13.0157 4.79062 12.9069L11.7906 7.90687C11.922 7.81301 12 7.66148 12 7.5C12 7.33853 11.922 7.18699 11.7906 7.09314L4.79062 2.09314Z\" fill=\"#fff\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"row mt5 mb5\"><strong>En lo que respecta al comercio internacional, la vacunaci\u00f3n no es aceptada actualmente por muchos socios comerciales. <\/strong><br \/>\r\nA fin de favorecer el comercio internacional en presencia de casos IAN, en el Cap\u00edtulo 4.3 del C\u00f3digo Sanitario para los Animales Terrestres se describe la zonificaci\u00f3n y la compartimentaci\u00f3n como un procedimiento aplicado por un pa\u00eds, de conformidad con las disposiciones del mismo, para definir las subpoblaciones con una situaci\u00f3n sanitaria espec\u00edfica dentro de su territorio a efectos de control de enfermedades y\/o comercio internacional. <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"imgcenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/tb\/influenza\/es\/region.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\" data-aos=\"zoom-in\" \/><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"row mt5 mb5\">\r\n<div class=\"mychart\">El t\u00e9rmino \u201czonificaci\u00f3n\u201d (=regionalizaci\u00f3n) se refiere a una subpoblaci\u00f3n de animales que se define principalmente desde el punto de vista geogr\u00e1fico (por l\u00edmites naturales, artificiales o legales). El t\u00e9rmino \u201ccompartimentaci\u00f3n\u201d se refiere a una subpoblaci\u00f3n de animales que se define principalmente por las pr\u00e1cticas de manejo y producci\u00f3n relacionadas con la bioseguridad.\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><strong>Lograr la aceptaci\u00f3n de la regionalizaci\u00f3n, pero a\u00fan m\u00e1s con la compartimentaci\u00f3n, requiere una cooperaci\u00f3n intensiva entre la industria av\u00edcola y las autoridades gubernamentales.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<!--<div class=\"row mt5 mb5\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"imgcenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/veterinaria.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"16%\" \/><\/div>-->\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"La influenza aviar ha sido una preocupaci\u00f3n importante para muchos pa\u00edses, principalmente debido a su <strong> efecto desastroso en la industria av\u00edcola <\/strong>, pero tambi\u00e9n por su potencial de causar infecciones humanas.","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":3749,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[526,534],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23052","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-toolbox-es","category-veterinario","authors-lohmann-breeders-es","toolbox-salud-animal"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<title>Influenza Aviar - 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