{"id":29629,"date":"2020-09-30T17:57:41","date_gmt":"2020-09-30T15:57:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/?p=29629"},"modified":"2025-02-06T09:54:12","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T08:54:12","slug":"grit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/es\/grit\/","title":{"rendered":"Grit"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Durante los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, los avances en gen\u00e9tica, nutrici\u00f3n y gesti\u00f3n han dado lugar a una gran mejora de la productividad. Adem\u00e1s, la Directiva de la UE de 1999 y la demanda de los consumidores, han impulsado la producci\u00f3n hacia sistemas libres de jaulas en los que la principal caracter\u00edstica es que ahora las aves pueden expresar su comportamiento natural.<\/p>\r\n

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La combinaci\u00f3n de todo esto requiere cambios para entender mejor este comportamiento (Imagen 1 & 2).<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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Imagen 1. Aves en reposo<\/div>\r\n

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Imagen 2. Aves en la naturaleza buscando alimento<\/div>\r\n

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Cuando se observa el comportamiento de las aves silvestres, se ve que dedican la mayor parte del tiempo a comportamientos relacionados con la alimentaci\u00f3n, como comer y buscar comida (Dawkins, 1989)<\/em>.
\r\nLos antepasados de las aves eran omn\u00edvoros y com\u00edan todo tipo de cosas como semillas, insectos, hierbas, fibras insolubles, etc. (Klasing, 2005)<\/em>.<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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Molienda<\/h2>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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En t\u00e9rminos de fisiolog\u00eda digestiva, la molleja es la clave. Sus principales funciones incluyen:<\/p>\r\n

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  • Reducci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas<\/li>\r\n\t
  • Degradaci\u00f3n qu\u00edmica de los nutrientes<\/li>\r\n\t
  • Regulaci\u00f3n del tr\u00e1nsito digestivo<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

    Teniendo en cuenta que la mayor\u00eda de las part\u00edculas que pasan al duodeno tendr\u00e1n un di\u00e1metro de alrededor de 60-40\u00b5m<\/strong>, todos los alimentos pueden necesitar, en consecuencia, cierto grado de molienda, raz\u00f3n por la cual las aves en la naturaleza tambi\u00e9n sol\u00edan consumir arenilla (piedras insolubles) para mejorar la molienda mec\u00e1nica de los alimentos en la molleja (Gionfriddo, 1994)<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n

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    Para obtener el m\u00e1ximo rendimiento, la dieta de las gallinas debe imitar a la \u00abnaturaleza\u00bb, por lo que es aconsejable proporcionarles un alimento en forma de harina homog\u00e9nea, teniendo en cuenta que no s\u00f3lo permite a las gallinas expresar un comportamiento natural, sino que tambi\u00e9n fomenta la salud intestinal.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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    La presencia de part\u00edculas gruesas en el pienso fomentar\u00e1 la actividad de molienda, por lo que para hacer m\u00e1s eficiente este proceso ser\u00eda aconsejable proporcionar algunas piedras (grit) y arenas para favorecer la degradaci\u00f3n de los alimentos (Svihus, 2011)<\/em>.
    \r\nAdem\u00e1s, cuando se proporciona algo de grit insoluble, la capacidad de la gallina para digerir dietas con mayor nivel de fibra mejora.<\/p>\r\n

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    As\u00ed que, como parte de nuestra estrategia de alimentaci\u00f3n, proporcionar a las gallinas algo de grit insoluble, puede contribuir a una mejor salud intestinal. No s\u00f3lo les ayuda a reducir el tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas, sino que tambi\u00e9n, cuando se esparcen en la cama, las redirige hacia su comportamiento de alimentaci\u00f3n.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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    Definici\u00f3n de Grit<\/h2>\r\n

    Cuando se busca la definici\u00f3n de \u00abgrit\u00bb, se relaciona con peque\u00f1as part\u00edculas de piedra o arena. Pero para nuestros objetivos de \u00abmolienda\u00bb, no todos los granos son iguales. Los granos se pueden clasificar en solubles e insolubles. Las fuentes de grit soluble (Im\u00e1genes 3 y 4. Piedra caliza y concha de ostra respectivamente) se disuelven normalmente en la molleja, siendo una fuente de calcio y minerales.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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    Imagen 3. Piedra caliza<\/div>\r\n

    \"\"<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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    Imagen 4. Concha de ostra<\/div>\r\n

    \"\"<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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    \"\"<\/p>\r\n

    Las part\u00edculas insolubles de grit (granito), son las que se retienen en la molleja y promueven la actividad de molienda. A continuaci\u00f3n, se muestran algunos ejemplos.<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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    Niveles recomendados de Grit<\/h2>\r\n

    Proporcionar grit en la dieta de las aves libres de jaula desde la etapa de recr\u00eda, puede aumentar su bienestar, ya que les dar\u00e1 la oportunidad de tener lo que normalmente est\u00e1 presente en la naturaleza. Los niveles a incluir se muestran a continuaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

    \"\"<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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    \"\"<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"In terms of digestion physiology, gizzard is the key<\/strong>.
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