{"id":42003,"date":"2020-09-30T19:21:09","date_gmt":"2020-09-30T17:21:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/grit\/"},"modified":"2025-02-06T09:51:14","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T08:51:14","slug":"grit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/fr\/grit\/","title":{"rendered":"Gravier"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les progr\u00e8s en mati\u00e8re de g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, de nutrition et de gestion ont permis d\u2019am\u00e9liorer consid\u00e9rablement la productivit\u00e9. En outre, la directive europ\u00e9enne de 1999 et la demande des consommateurs ont pouss\u00e9 la production vers des syst\u00e8mes hors cage, dont la principale caract\u00e9ristique est que les oiseaux peuvent d\u00e9sormais exprimer leur comportement naturel.\r\n
La combinaison de tous ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments n\u00e9cessite des changements en partant d\u2019une meilleure compr\u00e9hension de ce comportement (Photo 1 & 2. Les oiseaux dans la nature).<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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Photo 1. Oiseaux au repos<\/div>\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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Photo 2. Oiseaux en qu\u00eate de nourriture dans la nature <\/div>\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Lorsqu\u2019on observe le comportement des oiseaux sauvages, ils passent le plus clair de leur temps \u00e0 des comportements li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019alimentation, comme le fait de manger et de chercher de la nourriture (Dawkins, 1989)<\/em>.
Les anc\u00eatres des oiseaux \u00e9taient omnivores et mangeaient toutes sortes de choses comme des graines, des insectes, des herbes, des fibres insolubles, etc. (Klasing, 2005)<\/em>. \r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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Grinding<\/h2>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\"\"<\/div>En termes de physiologie de la digestion, le g\u00e9sier est la cl\u00e9. Ses principales fonctions sont:
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  • R\u00e9duction de la taille des particules<\/li>\r\n \t
  • D\u00e9gradation chimique des nutriments<\/li>\r\n \t
  • R\u00e9gulation du passage des digesta<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSachant que la plupart des particules passant dans le duod\u00e9num ont un diam\u00e8tre d\u2019environ 60 \u2000 40 \u03bcm, Par cons\u00e9quent, tous les aliments peuvent n\u00e9cessiter, un certain broyage, raison pour laquelle les oiseaux dans la nature consommaient \u2000\u00e9galement du gravier (particules insolubles) pour am\u00e9liorer le broyage m\u00e9canique des aliments dans le g\u00e9sier (Gionfriddo, 1994)<\/em>.\r\n
    Afin d\u2019obtenir des performances maximales, le r\u00e9gime alimentaire des poules doit imiter \u201ccelui que l\u2019on trouve dans la nature\u201d, c\u2019est pourquoi il est conseill\u00e9 de leur fournir une alimentation en farine avec particules grossi\u00e8res (Mash) homog\u00e8ne, \u2000tant donn\u00e9 que cela permet aux poules non\r\nseulement d\u2019exprimer un comportement alimentaire naturel,\r\nmais aussi de favoriser la sant\u00e9 intestinale.<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
    \"\"<\/div>\r\n
    La pr\u00e9sence de particules grossi\u00e8res dans l\u2019alimentation encouragera l\u2019activit\u00e9 de broyage, raison pour laquelle il serait souhaitable de rendre ce processus plus efficace; certaines particules, grumeaux et sables seraient conseill\u00e9s pour favoriser la d\u00e9gradation des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e9res (Svihus, 2011)<\/em>.
    De plus, lorsque des grains insolubles sont ing\u00e9r\u00e9s, la capacit\u00e9 des poules \u00e0 dig\u00e9rer des aliments \u00e0 haute teneur en fibres est am\u00e9lior\u00e9e. \r\n
    Ainsi, dans le cadre de notre strat\u00e9gie d\u2019alimentation, fournir aux poules du gravier peut contribuer \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la sant\u00e9 des intestins. Cela les aide non seulement \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la taille des particules, mais aussi, lorsqu\u2019elles se r\u00e9pandent dans la liti\u00e8re, \u00e0 les rediriger vers le comportement alimentaire.<\/strong><\/blockquote>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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    D\u00e9finition du gravier<\/h2>\r\nPour d\u00e9finir le gravier, il est li\u00e9 \u00e0 de petites particules insolubles de pierre ou de sable. Mais il ne faut pas confondre les particules insolubles avec le calcaire ou les coquilles d\u2019hu\u00eetres (Photo 3 et 4). Ces derni\u00e8res sont incluses dans l\u2019alimentation, \u00e9tant une source de calcium et de min\u00e9raux.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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    Photo 3. Calcaire<\/div>\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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    Photo 4. Coquille d\u2019hu\u2000tre<\/div>\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
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    \"\"\r\n
    Les particules insolubles du graviers (granit), sont celles qui sont retenues dans le g\u00e9sier et qui favorisent l\u2019activit\u00e9 de broyage. Quelques exemples sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s ci-contre.<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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    Niveaux de gravier recommand\u00e9s<\/h2>\r\nLe fait de fournir du gravier dans le r\u00e9gime alimentaire des oiseaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s en cage peut accro\u00eetre le bien-\u00eatre des animaux, car cela leur donnera la possibilit\u00e9 de disposer de ce qui est normalement pr\u00e9sent dans la nature. Les niveaux \u00e0 inclure sont indiqu\u00e9s ci-dessous.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
    \"\"<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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    \"\"<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"In terms of digestion physiology, gizzard is the key<\/strong>.
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