{"id":52020,"date":"2020-08-31T10:30:52","date_gmt":"2020-08-31T08:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/technical-publication\/"},"modified":"2020-08-31T10:30:52","modified_gmt":"2020-08-31T08:30:52","slug":"technical-publication","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/technical-publication\/","title":{"rendered":"Key factors for successful hatching egg handlingHatching eggs: Taking care of temperature and hygiene"},"content":{"rendered":"

Key factors for successful hatching egg handling <\/h2>

\r\n\r\nTo preserve hatchability from egg deposition till setting is the aim with hatching eggs. Temperature and hygiene are the two key\r\nparameters for a successful hatching egg handling. <\/strong><\/em>

\r\n\r\nA hatching egg is not like any other egg.\r\nA hatching egg contains the complete\r\ngenetic potential, which has been achieved\r\nby LOHMANN TIERZUCHT during decades\r\nof continuous breeding work. This potential\r\nis embedded in a little embryo on the egg\r\nyolk. When managing hatching eggs, the\r\naim is to retain the quality of the hatching\r\neggs from the moment of egg deposition\r\ntill setting in such a way, that the embryo\r\nhas optimum developing conditions and\r\nthat after 21 days vital chicks can hatch.

\r\n\r\nThe quality of the freshly laid hatching eggs\r\nis among others influenced by the following factors:

\r\n\r\n\u2022\t Health status and uniformity of parent\r\nstock
\r\n\u2022\t Feed quality
\r\n\u2022\t Water quality
\r\n\u2022\t Management system
\r\n\u2022\t House climate
\r\n\u2022\t Number and quality of males

\r\n\r\nThese factors influence the shell quality, the\r\negg size, the nutrients and the maternal\r\nantibodies in the hatching egg. Furthermore, they define the fertilisation rate and\r\nthe germ load of the laid eggs.

\r\n\r\nAfter egg deposition, a successful management of the hatching eggs maintains the\r\nhatchability of the eggs till setting. For this,\r\nthe important factors are:

\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2022\t Type and cleanliness of the nests
\r\n\u2022\t House temperature
\r\n\u2022\t Frequency and care of egg collecting\r\nand transport
\r\n\u2022\t Egg storage temperature
\r\n\u2022\t Disinfection of egg shells.


\r\n\r\n\r\n\"\"


\r\n\r\nThese criteria can be reduced to two key\r\nparameters: hygiene and temperature. Why\r\nare these two parameters so important? \r\n


\r\n\r\nClean nests indispensable for\r\nhygiene of hatching eggs <\/strong>

\r\n\r\nNaturally, a hatching egg is relatively well\r\nprotected against the penetration of bacteria as long as egg shell and cuticle are intact.\r\nIf these barriers are damaged, for example\r\ncaused by careless handling of the hatching eggs, badly adjusted conveyor belts\r\netc., bacteria can easily penetrate the egg.\r\nThis can lead to embryo mortality and to an\r\noverall reduced quality of the chicks due to\r\ncontaminated eggs (so called bangers).

\r\n\r\nShortly after egg deposition is a particular critical moment, the egg shell is\r\nmoist and the cuticle is not yet an effective protection. In addition, during this\r\nperiod the egg is cooling down from\r\nthe hen\u2019s body temperature (41\u00b0C) to\r\nhouse temperature. Due to this process\r\nof cooling down, the content of the egg\r\ncontracts and a vacuum is created in the\r\negg. In compensation, air enters and forms\r\nthe air cell. Together with this air, bacteria\r\ncan easily penetrate the egg. For this reason, it is very important that only hatching\r\neggs are used which have been laid in a\r\nclean nest.


\r\n\r\n\r\nCaution with floor eggs<\/strong>

\r\n\r\nFloor eggs or system eggs are most probably already contaminated before they\r\ncan be collected, disinfected or washed if\r\nnecessary. Thus, they should not be set in\r\nthe incubator. Also on clean hatching eggs\r\nan inevitable number of bacteria can be\r\nfound. In order to reduce them, the eggs\r\nshould be disinfected very quickly after\r\ncollecting. In the past, fumigation with formaldehyde was often used as the standard\r\nprocedure. Besides the undisputable effectiveness of this fumigant, it also has several disadvantages. These include embryo\r\ndamage, particularly if the dosage or the\r\ntemperature is too high or if the fumigation time is too long. Furthermore, formaldehyde is classified as potentially carcinogenic (cancer-causing).

\r\nNowadays, a lot of\r\nless harmful chemicals are available, which\r\nare at least as effective as formaldehyde\r\nfor disinfecting egg shells. In many hatcheries fogging of the disinfectant with a very\r\nsmall droplet size has become the prevalent process. It ensures a good contact of\r\nthe agents to the egg surface without making it really wet. The Technical Service of\r\nLOHMANN TIERZUCHT is at disposal for information on products, which have been\r\nproven to work.

\r\n \r\nIll. 2: Fogging of disinfectant for bacteria reduction on the egg shel<\/strong><\/em>
\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\n
\"\"<\/div>\r\n\r\n\"\"
\r\nIll. 3: Candling with hand lamp<\/strong>\r\n


\r\n\r\n\r\nAiming at an adapted egg\r\nstorage temperature<\/strong>

\r\n\r\nTemperature is the crucial parameter for\r\nstoring eggs. Here, the principle applies\r\nthat the longer the hatching eggs have to\r\nbe stored the lower the optimum temperature. What is the reason for that?

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
After egg deposition, first the embryonic\r\ndevelopment has to be interrupted. This\r\nrequires cooling down the egg within six\r\nhours below 26-27\u00b0C. Normally, this happens in the nest or on the egg belt. If\r\nduring summer the outside temperature\r\nis high, the eggs cannot cool down sufficiently in the house. Under those conditions, the hatching eggs should be collected more frequently and transferred to a\r\ncooled store. This avoids exposing the embryos for too long a time to a temperature\r\nof 27-37\u00b0C. Temperatures within this range\r\ncause an imbalanced development of the\r\nembryo and thus, lead to a higher rate of\r\nearly embryonic mortality (Ill. 4).<\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\nAfter the cell division has been stopped\r\ndue to the cooling down of the eggs below the physiological zero, the hatching\r\neggs must slowly be cooled down to an\r\neven lower temperature. Thus, the quality\r\nof the albumen is stabilized, the water loss\r\nis reduced and the mortality of embryonic cells is minimised.

\r\n\r\n\r\n
If the eggs are stored only three to four\r\ndays, they must not be cooled down below 20\u00b0C. A relatively high storing temperature fosters the dilution of the albumen\r\nand thus, the gas exchange during the first\r\ndays of incubation. However, in most layer\r\nhatcheries hatching eggs are stored up\r\nto ten days. In this case, a temperature of\r\n16-18\u00b0C is recommended (Ill. 1). <\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n


\r\n \r\nEven temperature\r\nfor all eggs<\/strong>

\r\n\r\nIt is important that the targeted storage\r\ntemperature is preferably achieved for all\r\neggs and that it stays nearly constant. Large\r\nvariations should be avoided, because they\r\ncan also contribute to a higher rate of early\r\nembryonic mortality. For this reason, special\r\nattention should be paid to good insulation\r\nand sufficient cooling capacity of the egg\r\nrooms in order to compensate for daily variations in the outside temperature. For temperature control the regular use of temperature loggers is recommended. They can be\r\nplaced in the egg room or they can be used\r\nduring egg transport from the parent stock\r\nfarm to the hatchery.\r\n

\r\n\r\nIll. 4: Two opened candled eggs: unfertilized (left) and early died embryo (right)<\/strong><\/em>
\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Key factors for successful hatching egg handling To pre […]","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":52022,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2335],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-poultry-news-zh-hans","issue-1-2012-zh-hans","yeararchive-2012-zh-hans"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"Key factors for successful hatching egg handlingHatching eggs: Taking care of temperature and hygiene - Lohmann Breeders<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/technical-publication\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Key factors for successful hatching egg handlingHatching eggs: Taking care of temperature and hygiene - 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