{"id":52208,"date":"2020-09-01T10:16:54","date_gmt":"2020-09-01T08:16:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/pcr-techniques-in-medical-diagnosis-of-the-veterinary-laboratory\/"},"modified":"2020-09-01T10:16:54","modified_gmt":"2020-09-01T08:16:54","slug":"pcr-techniques-in-medical-diagnosis-of-the-veterinary-laboratory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/pcr-techniques-in-medical-diagnosis-of-the-veterinary-laboratory\/","title":{"rendered":"PCR techniques in medical diagnosis of the veterinary laboratory"},"content":{"rendered":"<em><strong>For the diagnosis of diseases in veterinary medicine the technique of PCR (polymerase chain reaction) could be used since\r\nseveral years. In this method, individual genome sections of\r\nthe pathogen are propagated by repeating different temperature steps and thus finally made them detectable. In addition,\r\npathogens could be typed and differentiated from vaccine\r\nstrains. This can for example be done by a vaccine \u2013 specific\r\nPCR or by subsequent sequencing of the PCR product. <\/strong><\/em> <br><br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\nThe direct detection of the genetic material of the pathogen by means of PCR, in\r\ncontrast to serological tests, has the advantage that diseases can be promptly\r\ndetected after the initial infection. The PCR\r\nprovides here a faster method than e.g. the\r\ncultivation of viral pathogens in eggs or\r\ncell cultures. However, the genetic material\r\nof the pathogen may possibly no longer\r\nbe detected after a successful fight of the\r\nimmune system against infection. Thus,\r\nthe PCR may serve as a practical complement to serological tests that detect the\r\nantibodies produced by the host organism\r\nand help to overcome the gap in diagnostics between the time of infection and the\r\nproduction of antibodies.<br><br>\r\n\r\nBasically, PCR reactions could be differentiated in two techniques: During the first\r\none, the \u201cEndpoint\u201d -based PCR, after the\r\nPCR reaction the products are separated in\r\nan agarose gel according to the size of the\r\nproduct and are stained. With the faster\r\nand more sensitive method the formation\r\nof the PCR products during the temperature cycles is observed in real time (Fig. 1).\r\nIn recent years the veterinary laboratory\r\nhas almost all the PCR detection methods\r\nconverted to real-time PCR. This allows\r\nfaster processing of the samples and more\r\nprecise results by using this more sensitive\r\nmethod.<br><br>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/2020\/09\/j90.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"436\" class=\"imgcenter\" \/><br>\r\n<em>Figure 1: Detection of Avian Infectious Bronchitis via &#8220;real time&#8221; PCR. The rising curves\r\nindicate an increase in fluorescence and thus prove the presence of genetic material\r\nof the pathogen<\/em>\r\n<br><br>\r\nFrequently requested examinations in the\r\nveterinary laboratory of LTZ are the detection of Avian Influenza (AIV), Avian Infectious Bronchitis (IBV), Mycoplasma (Mg \/ Ms)\r\nand Avian Metapneumovirus (AMPV, TRT).\r\nAIV can by typed by further PCRs in H5, H7\r\nor H9. For serotyping of IBV recently \u201cReal\r\nTime\u201d detection systems for the serotypesQX, Italy O2, Massachusetts,\r\nD 274, 4\/ 91 and D 1466 have\r\nbeen newly developed. By\r\nusing a further PCR followed\r\nby sequencing positive Ms\r\nand Mg results can distinguish vaccine from field\r\nstrains.\r\n<br><br>\r\n\r\nFurther real-time PCR tests\r\ncan for example be performed for the detection\r\nof Newcastle disease virus\r\n(NDV), Marek&#8217;s Disease and\r\nEgg Drop Syndrome virus\r\n(EDS). For ND virus a further\r\nPCR reaction followed by sequencing of the F1 cleavage\r\nsite could determine pathogenicity and classification of\r\nthe strains.<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\nOverall, as established in the\r\nveterinary laboratory at present the detection of more\r\nthan 25 pathogens is possible, with development of\r\nfurther detection systems.\r\nAs matrices for the detection\r\ntracheal or cloacal swabs, FTA cards or organs can be used depending on the agent\r\nto be detected.<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/2020\/09\/j89.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"705\" class=\"imgcenter\" \/><br>\r\n<em>Figure 2: Phylogenetic trees of selected Orthoreoviruses; blue points are from field isolates, vaccine strains in red<\/em>\r\n<br><br>\r\nIn addition, typing can be carried out for\r\nAvian Orthoreovirus, Fowl Adenovirus\r\n(FAdV) and Infectious Bursal Disease Virus\r\n(IBDV). Through this, vaccine from field\r\nstrains could be distinguished, the phylogenetic relationships of different virus isolates be determined (Fig. 2) and serotyping\r\ncould be done. This method can serve as a\r\ndecision aid in the selection of isolates for\r\nthe production of autogenous vaccines.\r\nFor typing of FAdV and Orthoreovirus the\r\ninitial culture in liver cells is recommended\r\nin order firstly to achieve enrichment of the\r\nviral material as well as to be able, where\r\nappropriate, to use the isolate obtained for\r\nvaccine production later.<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\nDr. Martin Barz and<br>\r\nDr. Matthias Voss,<br>\r\nVeterinary Laboratory<br><br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<br><br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"For the diagnosis of diseases in veterinary medicine th [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":52210,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2335],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-poultry-news-zh-hans","issue-1-2014-zh-hans","yeararchive-2014-zh-hans"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<title>PCR techniques in medical diagnosis of the veterinary laboratory - Lohmann Breeders<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/pcr-techniques-in-medical-diagnosis-of-the-veterinary-laboratory\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PCR techniques in medical diagnosis of the veterinary laboratory - Lohmann Breeders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For the diagnosis of diseases in veterinary medicine th [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/pcr-techniques-in-medical-diagnosis-of-the-veterinary-laboratory\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Lohmann Breeders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-09-01T08:16:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/2020\/09\/j90.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"lohmann\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"lohmann\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/pcr-techniques-in-medical-diagnosis-of-the-veterinary-laboratory\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/pcr-techniques-in-medical-diagnosis-of-the-veterinary-laboratory\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"lohmann\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/#\/schema\/person\/a9b35526c0a70125f8062e3972074f0a\"},\"headline\":\"PCR techniques in medical diagnosis of the veterinary laboratory\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-01T08:16:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/pcr-techniques-in-medical-diagnosis-of-the-veterinary-laboratory\/\"},\"wordCount\":624,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/pcr-techniques-in-medical-diagnosis-of-the-veterinary-laboratory\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/2020\/09\/j91.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Poultry News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/pcr-techniques-in-medical-diagnosis-of-the-veterinary-laboratory\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/pcr-techniques-in-medical-diagnosis-of-the-veterinary-laboratory\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/pcr-techniques-in-medical-diagnosis-of-the-veterinary-laboratory\/\",\"name\":\"PCR techniques in medical diagnosis of the veterinary laboratory - 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