{"id":52684,"date":"2020-08-24T12:15:38","date_gmt":"2020-08-24T10:15:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/selection-for-shorter-beaks-to-reduce-feather-pecking-in-laying-hens\/"},"modified":"2020-08-24T12:15:38","modified_gmt":"2020-08-24T10:15:38","slug":"selection-for-shorter-beaks-to-reduce-feather-pecking-in-laying-hens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/selection-for-shorter-beaks-to-reduce-feather-pecking-in-laying-hens\/","title":{"rendered":"Selection for shorter beaks to reduce feather pecking in laying hens"},"content":{"rendered":"
In recent years, the social behavior and welfare of laying hens has gained more importance in laying hen breeding programs. Damaging behavior such as feather pecking is of particular concern. Addressing this welfare\r\nissue has attracted more attention than ever before and is likely to become even more challenging with the\r\nprospect of a ban on beak treatment in many countries in the future. <\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n

Three different levels of pecking\r\nbehavior<\/h2>
\r\n\r\nFeather pecking is affected by many different factors, so a multifactorial approach\r\nattending to different parameters should\r\nbe taken to minimize its negative impact. This undesirable behavior can occur in every housing system; however, it\r\nis especially relevant and more variable\r\nin alternative cage-free housing systems\r\ndue to the bigger group sizes and more\r\ncomplex environment. The literature describes three different levels of pecking\r\nbehavior: gentle feather pecking, which\r\ndoes not result in the removal of a feather;\r\nsevere feather pecking, which leads to\r\nfeather losses at the back, rump or tail of\r\nthe victim; and aggressive pecking, which\r\nis the most serious type of feather pecking and is usually directed at the head.\r\nOne of the strategies for minimizing the\r\nproblem is to select against this bad behavior. Directly observing and evaluating\r\nan individual bird in a group automatically\r\nis a technical challenge and is extremely\r\ntime-consuming to perform manually.\r\n

Ban on beak treatment<\/h2>
\r\n\r\nAlthough beak treatment has proven to\r\nbe a very effective preventive measure for\r\navoiding feather pecking, there is a growing\r\nethical controversy in which this practice\r\nis regarded as amputation. Some countries\r\nhave banned this practice completely and\r\nothers are set to join this initiative soon. The\r\nban on beak treatment is a new driving force\r\nbehind the search for solutions to reduce the\r\nincidence of feather pecking. Whether and to\r\nwhat extent genetic selection can contribute\r\nto this goal will be illustrated by the results\r\nof hen-specific measurements on the shape\r\nlength of pure line layers.

\r\n

Measurement of beak length <\/h2>
\r\nSeveral years ago, a special device was developed to generate precise data relating to the\r\nlength of the hen\u2019s beak, in order to evaluate\r\nthe feasibility of using it as an additional selection criterion. The idea behind it is as follows: if no beak treatment is carried out in the\r\nfuture, birds with blunt beaks will reduce the\r\ndamage inflicted on their fellows if they start\r\npecking. With the aid of this equipment, the difference in length between the upper and\r\nlower beak (referred to as \u201cbeak length\u201d below\r\nfor simplicity) is measured and automatically\r\nsaved to a database (figure 1).

\r\nFigure 1: Automatic measurement of beak length<\/strong>
<\/em>\r\n\"\"

\r\nAs can be seen in table 1,<\/strong> there is no very\r\nclear trend in average beak length at different\r\nages for different brown egg lines. However,\r\nit seems that the growth of beak tissue compensates for or even exceeds the abrasion\r\nin single hen cages. The phenotypic correlations between measurements at 23 and 48\r\nweeks of age indicate an acceptable repeatability of the measurement at different ages.

\r\n\r\n\r\n
A comparison between the different\r\nlines of the LOHMANN BROWN and LOHMANN LSL breeding program is shown in \r\ntable 2<\/strong>. The average values for beak length\r\nare based on around 3,000 individual hens\r\nin each line. The measurements were captured at 30 weeks of age.<\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n

\r\nAs can be seen in table 3<\/strong>, the heritability\r\nestimates for beak length are at a moderate\r\nlevel, with h\u00b2 ranging from 0.09 to 0.26 for the\r\nfour lines of the LOHMANN BROWN and LSL\r\nbreeding program. In light of the genetic parameters and the high variability found in the\r\ntrait, breeding to reduce beak length through\r\ngenetic selection is feasible. These heritabilities are at the same level as other selecteda\r\ntraits such as plumage condition or egg number at the end of production (persistency).

\r\nAs mentioned above, for the past 20-\r\nplus years LOHMANN <\/strong>layers have not only\r\nbeen scored for beak length but also for their\r\nplumage condition. Therefore, full-sibs and\r\ncrossbred half-sibs with pedigree information are housed in group cages, both on breeding farms as well as on commercial farms\r\nunder field conditions.In the field test, these\r\nlayers are scored for their plumage condition\r\nat around 40 and 75 weeks of age. Families\r\nthat show intact plumage are scored with the\r\nvalue 9, whereas families with damaged feathering are downgraded due to the amount\r\nof feather loss. Based on this information,\r\ngenetic correlations between beak length\r\nand plumage condition and mortality were\r\nestimated. As can be seen in table 4, there is\r\na positive correlation between mortality and\r\nbeak length and a negative correlation between beak length and plumage condition.\r\nBirds with shorter beaks have lower mortality\r\nand better plumage condition

\r\nWe conclude from our data that individual selection for blunt beaks, with a reduced difference in length between the upper and lower beak, will help to accelerate\r\nthe reduction of feather pecking and cannibalism, while family selection for intact feather cover and liveability is continuing and\r\nmanagement practices will be optimized.

\r\n\r\nDr. Matthias Schmutz<\/strong>\r\n

\r\n\r\nTable 1. Average values \u00b1 standard deviation for beak length (mm) at 23 and 48\r\nweeks of age and their phenotypic correlation for the four lines of LOHMANN BROWN<\/strong>

\r\n\"\"

\r\n\r\nTable 2: Average values and variation coefficient for the beak length of different lines\r\nof LOHMANN BROWN and LOHMANN LSL origin<\/strong>

\r\n\r\n\"\"
\r\n\r\nTable 3: Heritability of beak length<\/strong>

\r\n\r\n\"\"

\r\n\r\nTable 4: Genetic correlations between beak length and plumage condition and mortality <\/strong>

\r\n\r\n\"\"

\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"In recent years, the social behavior and welfare of lay […]","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":52685,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2335],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-poultry-news-zh-hans","issue-1-2017-zh-hans","yeararchive-2017-zh-hans"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"Selection for shorter beaks to reduce feather pecking in laying hens - Lohmann Breeders<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/selection-for-shorter-beaks-to-reduce-feather-pecking-in-laying-hens\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Selection for shorter beaks to reduce feather pecking in laying hens - 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