{"id":52857,"date":"2020-07-24T11:29:58","date_gmt":"2020-07-24T09:29:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/poultry-vision\/"},"modified":"2020-07-24T11:29:58","modified_gmt":"2020-07-24T09:29:58","slug":"poultry-vision","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/poultry-vision\/","title":{"rendered":"Poultry vision"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>The science of poultry vision is still relatively new and research is continuing. However, it is already known\r\nthat birds have a highly developed visual system which functions in a very different way to human vision.<\/blockquote><br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<strong>The main characteristics of poultry\r\nvison are as follows:<\/strong><br><br>\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"milista\"><li>Birds are able to move each eye independently\r\nand have panoramic vision\r\nof almost 300 degrees even without\r\nturning their heads. (Figure 1)<\/li><br><br>\r\n<li>In addition to the retinal light perception\r\nin the eyes, poultry can sense\r\nlight through the pineal and hypothalamic\r\nglands.<\/li><br><br>\r\n<li>Poultry can see a wider range of the\r\nvisible light spectrum (approx. 360-750\r\nnm) than humans (approx. 410-730\r\nnm). This ability allows birds to perceive\r\nUltraviolet-A light. This important characteristic\r\nappears to be important for\r\nbirds in recognising their environment,\r\nsearching for the feed or mating behaviour.\r\n(Figure 2 &#038; 3)<\/li><br><br>\r\n<li>Another primary difference in the visual\r\nsystem of birds compared to humans\r\nis the presence of a fourth retinal cone\r\nwhich enables layers to distinguish visual\r\nsequences of 150-200 images per second.\r\nHumans can only see up to approx.\r\n25-30 individual images per second.<\/li><br><br>\r\n<li>Poultry can therefore perceive flickering\r\nlight sources that operate in low\r\nfrequency ranges. This causes negative\r\neffects on their behaviour such as nervousness,\r\nfeather pecking and cannibalism.\r\nFlickering light sources include\r\nsome fluorescent and energy-saving\r\nlamps. It is very important to realise that\r\nthis flickering is invisible to humans.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/2020\/07\/Poultry-vision1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"80%\" class=\"imgcenter\" \/>\r\n<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<strong><em>Figure 1<\/em><\/strong><br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<strong>Light sources<\/strong><br><br>\r\n\r\nDifferent kinds of light sources such as\r\nincandescent lamps, tubular fluorescents,\r\nenergy-saving lamps, and most recently\r\nLED lamps, are used in poultry facilities.\r\nIncandescent lamps have already been\r\nbanned in many countries since they cannot\r\nefficiently convert electric power into\r\nlight. Light sources such as LED lamps,\r\nwhich are more energy-efficient and longlasting,\r\nare therefore more widely used in\r\nmodern poultry houses.<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/2020\/07\/Poultry-vision3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"80%\" class=\"imgcenter\" \/>\r\n<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<strong><em>Figure 2<\/em><\/strong><br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRegardless of the advantages and disadvantages\r\nof each light source some important\r\nbasic facts must be considered when\r\nselecting light sources for poultry.\r\n\u00bb The frequency of the emitted light\r\nshould be at least around 150 Hz to\r\navoid flickering.<br><br>\r\n\r\nIt is advisable to use poultry-specific\r\nlight sources. These are expensive but\r\ngenerally adjusted to suit poultry vision in terms of light spectrum etc. In general,\r\nlight sources which approximate the\r\nnatural spectrum are recommended,\r\nespecially for the production period.<br><br>\r\n\u2013Depending on the light source, the\r\nlight intensity could be perceived by\r\npoultry as far higher than by the human\r\neye. Therefore, conventional Lux meters\r\nwhich are designed for human vision\r\nhave limitations when used to measure\r\nthe correct light intensity for birds. For\r\nexample, they cannot detect UV-A light.<br><br>\r\n\u2013A specific Lux meter for LEDs is required\r\nto measure the correct intensity of\r\nLED light.<br><br>\r\n\u2013The light colour alone measured in Kelvin\r\nappears to be insufficient to evaluate\r\nthe light spectrum of light sources,\r\nbecause it only reflects the wave length\r\nand not the whole spectrum including\r\nUV-A light. Aside from the light spectrum,\r\na light source with warm-white colours\r\nbetween 2700-3000 Kelvin should\r\nbe considered for poultry houses.<br><br>\r\n\u2013Light sources for birds should be designed\r\nto be dimmable. Not all lamps\r\nare suitable for dimming, and dimming\r\ncould cause flickering or reduce the\r\nlifespan of the lamps.<br><br>\r\n\u2013Direct and uneven light and shadows\r\nshould be always avoided. When using\r\nLED lamps, diffusers can be useful to\r\navoid direct light.<br><br>\r\n\u2013To avoid stress after transferring the\r\npullets to the layer house, it is important\r\nto ensure the pullets are already\r\nadapted to natural daylight if they will\r\nbe kept in open house facilities.<br><br>\r\n\u2013Light sources should be designed for\r\neasy cleaning and disinfection in the\r\npoultry house.\r\n<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/2020\/07\/Poultry-vision2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"80%\" class=\"imgcenter\" \/>\r\n<br><br>\r\n\r\n<strong><em>Figure 3<\/em><\/strong><br><br>\r\n\r\n<em>Farhad Mozafar<\/em>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The science of poultry vision is still relatively new a [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":52858,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2335],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-poultry-news-zh-hans","issue-1-2019-zh-hans","yeararchive-2019-zh-hans","authors-farhad-mozafar-zh-hans"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<title>Poultry vision - 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