{"id":53004,"date":"2020-07-28T13:47:43","date_gmt":"2020-07-28T11:47:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/genetic-developments-and-their-implication-on-layer-nutrition\/"},"modified":"2020-07-28T13:47:43","modified_gmt":"2020-07-28T11:47:43","slug":"genetic-developments-and-their-implication-on-layer-nutrition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/zh-hans\/genetic-developments-and-their-implication-on-layer-nutrition\/","title":{"rendered":"GENETIC DEVELOPMENTS AND THEIR IMPLICATION ON LAYER NUTRITION"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>The major breeding traits in layer\r\ngenetics are still performance oriented,\r\nwhich means saleable eggs,\r\npersistency, feed conversion ratio and viability.\r\nAdditionally, geneticists are facing\r\nnew challenges in terms of desirable behaviour\r\nand a nice appearance of the hens\r\nuntil the end of their productive lifetime.<\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n<br><br>\r\n\r\nThese new challenges need further support\r\nfrom general management and overall\r\nnutrition as well. As an example of nutritional\r\ndeficiencies, the so-called post peak\r\ndip in the early production period should\r\nbe mentioned. This situation is mainly\r\nbased on a too low daily feed intake or too\r\nlow dense feed. <br><br>\r\n\r\nIn the worst case these\r\ndeficiencies can provoke unwanted behaviour\r\nin layer flocks and will harm the\r\nproductivity of the flock in the long term.\r\nThe energy intake of a layer bird must be\r\nsplit into 2\/3 demand for maintenance\r\nand 1\/3 for egg mass production. This implies\r\nacknowledging the importance of\r\nthe environmental temperature and good\r\nfeathering of the birds. Both factor &#8211; low\r\ntemperature and impaired feathering \u2013\r\nultimately lead to an increased nutrient\r\ndemand and daily feed intake.<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<blockquote>When focussing on the nutritional details\r\nwe have the \u201cold A-B-C\u201d, which says:\r\namino acids \u2013 especially the sulphur amino\r\nacids \u2013 methionine and cystine. However,\r\nlet\u2019s consider this topic as a \u201cgiven fact\u201d,\r\nwhich everybody takes care. In terms of\r\nthe previously mentioned new challenges\r\nwe have a \u201cnew A-B-C\u201d, which says: feeding\r\non gut health, layer type birds are fond of\r\nfibre, feed structure \u2013 as an urgent quality\r\naspect &#8211; and feeding strategies in rearing\r\nand more. These ideas have already been\r\nproven in many countries and are even\r\ndevoted the highest interest in the scientific\r\ncommunity.<\/blockquote>\r\n <br><br>\r\n\r\nOne aspect is the topic of\r\ncrude fibre, resulting from raw materials\r\nsuch as sunflower products, barley or oats.\r\nFurthermore, there are fibre concentrates\r\nbased on lignocellulose available in the\r\nmarket. As layer birds are fond of fibre, the\r\ncontent of crude fibre in compound feed\r\ncan even reach up to 7% without affecting\r\nthe performance in a negative way. In\r\nnon-cage systems we need to see feathers\r\nin the litter at all times. If they have disappeared,\r\nthey will have been eaten by the\r\nhens &#8211; which should be understood as indicating\r\na deficiency of structure and fibre\r\nin general. In addition, the rearing period\r\nshould never be neglected as the basis for\r\nlater production period. This was pointed\r\nout by a professional rearing company in the Netherlands as: \u201cEVERY mistake which\r\nhas happened in rearing, will be seen later\r\non in production period!\u201d<br><br>\r\n\r\nAdjusting the egg weight is an all-time\r\nbig topic all over the world &#8211; it is either too\r\nlow or too high. There is a varying demand\r\nwithin short periods, which genetics are\r\nnot able to follow up. Nutrition and good\r\nflock management therefore have to take\r\nover this responsibility. A well-proven approach\r\nto controlling egg weight is a qualitative\r\nrestriction of the egg-weight-driving\r\nnutrients, whilst keeping the energy\r\nlevel constant in order to avoid increased\r\ndaily feed intake as a way to limit too high\r\ndaily feed intake.<br><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<blockquote>Another pressing issue in layer nutrition\r\nregarding productivity and the birds\u2019\r\nbehaviour is the structure of the mash feed.\r\nThe feed structure needs to aim at homogeneity\r\nand some coarseness &#8211; both being\r\nthe overall basis for good and uniform\r\nfeed and nutrient intake as well as healthy\r\ndigestion. Specialists in the UK would say\r\n\u201cBirds need to have \u2018some grist in the diets\r\n\u2013 in order to support gizzard activity!\u201d<\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n<br><br>\r\n\r\nSome further breeding targets nowadays\r\ndirectly focus on welfare aspects,\r\nwhich in the end support productivity as\r\nwell. One aspect is the ultrasound investigation\r\nof bone densitometry, which aims\r\nfor strong bones and ultimately strong\r\negg shells. Another one is measuring the\r\nupper beak length of the hens; aiming at\r\nlower mortality and good feather cover.<br><br>\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"milista\">Some take home messages:\r\n<li>Be aware of the impressive genetic\r\npotential of today\u2019s layer breeds\u2013 persistency\r\nand long viability.<\/li>\r\n<li>The egg shell quality will be the oneand-\r\nonly reason to finally sign off a\r\nflock.<\/li>\r\n<li>Focus on the \u201ccontrol\u201d of egg weight\r\nat all times \u2013 either support or control.<\/li>\r\n<li>Support liver and gut health.<\/li>\r\n<li>Support docile behaviour of the hens.<\/li>\r\n<li>Put (much) more focus on rearing and\r\npullet quality.<\/li>\r\n<li>Accept the importance of optimal\r\nmash feed structure as an overall\r\nbasic requirement for gut integrity\r\nand health.<\/li>\r\n<li>Apply new and proven additives as\r\nsupporters of gut health.<\/li>\r\n<li>Feed the hens according to the performance\r\n\u2013 egg mass output \u2013 in order\r\nto avoid deficiencies as this could\r\n\u201cprovoke\u201d a severe negative gut health\r\nchallenge and feathering problems.<\/li><\/ul><br><br>\r\n\r\nRobert Pottgu\u0308ter<br><br>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The major breeding traits in layer genetics are still p [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":53005,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2335],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53004","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-poultry-news-zh-hans","issue-2-2019-zh-hans","yeararchive-2019-zh-hans","authors-robert-pottguter-zh-hans"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<title>GENETIC DEVELOPMENTS AND THEIR IMPLICATION ON LAYER NUTRITION - 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